This may be what a very very very slow pandemic looks like. 🦠 As a step towards the development of an #antiviral, (Peng et al., 2022) recently elucidated the structure of the mpox DNA polymerase:
1/6 🦠 A Few More #Mpox ( #MonkeyPox) Pandemic Updates 🦠
"Assuming APOBEC-editing is characteristic of [mpox] infection in human hosts, we propose an APOBEC clock that – at a rate of ~6 APOBEC3 mutations per year – estimates [mpox] has been circulating in humans since 2016." https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525187v1
Mpox is often described as being endemic in West and Central Africa as a zoonotic disease that transmits through contact with the reservoir rodent host, likely a species of African squirrel.
2/6 "The smallpox and mpox #vaccine (MVA-BN), provided as a two-dose regimen, is currently the primary vaccine utilized against mpox... We evaluated the real-world effectiveness of a single, subcutaneous dose of MVA-BN in this observational, retrospective cohort study... The adjusted vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 86%." https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02229-3
Effectiveness of one subcutaneous dose of MVA-BN, the smallpox and mpox vaccine, was estimated to be 86% in a cohort of vaccine-eligible males in Israel, supporting its use to curtail the outbreak of mpox virus.
3/6 The use of the only broad-spectrum #antivirals designed for DNA virus infections (brincidofovir & cidofovir) may be under-utilized for Mpox infections:
"A 48-year-old man with poorly controlled HIV presented with severe [mpox] infection, having completed 2 weeks of tecovirimat... Despite a second, prolonged course of tecovirimat, he did not improve... Intravenous cidofovir was given at 5 mg/kg; the patient made a noticeable improvement after the first IV dose..." https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00044-0
A 48-year-old man with poorly controlled HIV presented with severe human monkeypox
virus (hMPXV) infection, having completed 2 weeks of tecovirimat at another hospital.
4/6 More discussion of how the use of the only broad-spectrum #antivirals designed for DNA virus infections (brincidofovir & cidofovir) may be under-utilized for Mpox infections:
"Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects" https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/2/278
The monkeypox disease (MPX) outbreak of 2022 has been reported in more than one hundred countries and is becoming a global concern. Unfortunately, only a few treatments, such as tecovirimat (TCV), are available against MPX.
NewsDesk @bactiman63 The Taiwan CDC announced Wednesday the 6th and 7th confirmed monkeypox cases in a man in his 40s in the north and a man in his 20s in the south. They live in Hsinchu County and Kaohsiung City, respectively.
"We monitored SARS-CoV-2 & MPXV genomes in the air... in Madrid nightclubs... in 2022. ... MPXV in the air had increased considerably on Aug 8, with 57% of positive samples containing more than 100 genomes per [cubic meter]; this date coincided with the peak incidence of mpox in Spain."
The authors suggest that air sampling might be a useful surveillance method.
Eric Pyrrhus
Unknown parent • • •🦠 A Few More #Mpox ( #MonkeyPox) Pandemic Updates 🦠
"Assuming APOBEC-editing is characteristic of [mpox] infection in human hosts, we propose an APOBEC clock that – at a rate of ~6 APOBEC3 mutations per year – estimates [mpox] has been circulating in humans since 2016."
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525187v1
#virus #virology @virology #epidemiology #InfectiousDisease
Putative APOBEC3 deaminase editing in MPXV as evidence for sustained human transmission since at least 2016
bioRxivEric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •"The smallpox and mpox #vaccine (MVA-BN), provided as a two-dose regimen, is currently the primary vaccine utilized against mpox...
We evaluated the real-world effectiveness of a single, subcutaneous dose of MVA-BN in this observational, retrospective cohort study...
The adjusted vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 86%."
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02229-3
Real-world effectiveness of a single dose of mpox vaccine in males - Nature Medicine
NatureEric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •The use of the only broad-spectrum #antivirals designed for DNA virus infections (brincidofovir & cidofovir) may be under-utilized for Mpox infections:
"A 48-year-old man with poorly controlled HIV presented with severe [mpox] infection, having completed 2 weeks of tecovirimat...
Despite a second, prolonged course of tecovirimat, he did not improve...
Intravenous cidofovir was given at 5 mg/kg; the patient made a noticeable improvement after the first IV dose..."
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(23)00044-0
Use of cidofovir in a patient with severe mpox and uncontrolled HIV infection
The Lancet Infectious DiseasesEric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •More discussion of how the use of the only broad-spectrum #antivirals designed for DNA virus infections (brincidofovir & cidofovir) may be under-utilized for Mpox infections:
"Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects"
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/2/278
Oral Brincidofovir Therapy for Monkeypox Outbreak: A Focused Review on the Therapeutic Potential, Clinical Studies, Patent Literature, and Prospects
MDPIEric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •A first attempt at describing the post-acute effects of Mpox infection:
"The later consequences of the disease remain unknown. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the medium- and long-term morbidity following the acute episode of mpox."
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.7.2300072
Eric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •Besides the large impact of the Mpox pandemic on Latin America, reports continue to come in from East Asia:
Taiwan reports two locally acquired Mpox infections:
https://outbreaknewstoday.com/taiwan-reports-2-local-monkeypox-cases-in-hsinchu-county-and-kaohsiung-city-28588/
Mpox acquired by a health care worker in South Korea via needle-stick injury:
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/5/23-0028_article
Taiwan reports 2 local monkeypox cases in Hsinchu County and Kaohsiung City - Outbreak News Today
News Desk (Outbreak News Today)Eric Pyrrhus
in reply to Eric Pyrrhus • • •Interesting report on #Mpox #virus:
(AKA #MonkeyPox or #MPXV)
"We monitored SARS-CoV-2 & MPXV genomes in the air... in Madrid nightclubs... in 2022.
...
MPXV in the air had increased considerably on Aug 8, with 57% of positive samples containing more than 100 genomes per [cubic meter]; this date coincided with the peak incidence of mpox in Spain."
The authors suggest that air sampling might be a useful surveillance method.
#virology #epidemiology #InfectiousDisease
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00104-0
Redirecting
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