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From 1865 forward, Black Americans gathered in TX every year to honor and celebrate freedom. These celebrations evolved into what is known as Juneteenth, but were also 'Jubilee Day' and 'Emancipation Day.’ Black Americans were prohibited from using public spaces to celebrate, so they collected money to purchase land to carry on the tradition. Emancipation Park in Houston, TX was purchased in 1872 for $1,000.
11/16
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#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
Although emancipation didn’t happen overnight for everyone—in some cases, enslavers withheld the information until after harvest season—celebrations broke out among newly freed Black people, and Juneteenth was born!
10/16
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#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
Final emancipation from the Emancipation Proclamation happened on June 19, 1865 in Galveston Texas, two months after the surrender at Appomattox. Commemoration of this date would become the celebration JUNETEENTH. Enslaved people in states that fought for the Union — Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky — did not become emancipated until December 6, 1865, with the passage of the 13th Amendment.
9/16
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#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
In Texas, slavery continued as the state experienced no large-scale fighting or significant presence of Union troops. Many enslavers outside the Lone Star State moved there, as they viewed it as a safe haven for slavery. After the war ended in the spring of 1865, General Granger’s arrival in Galveston that June signaled freedom for Texas’ 250,000 enslaved people and later solidified by the 13th Amendment.
8/16
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#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
Actual Emancipation took time. As the Union Army rolled into different regions of the South, they emancipated the enslaved people there. SInce this happened over time, each region had their own dates. The enslaved people in the mid-Atlantic recognized April 4 as their Emancipation Day, when abolition came to DC. MS celebrated on May 8; in FL, May 22; AL & GA, May 28; MO, August 4; and KY & TN, August 8.
7/16
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#BlackMastodon
#histodons #History
#histodons #Juneteenth
But in reality, the Emancipation Proclamation didn’t instantly free any enslaved people. The Proclamation only applied to places under Confederate control and not to slave-holding border states or rebel areas already under Union control. However, as Northern troops advanced into the Confederate South, many enslaved people fled behind Union lines.
6/16
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#BlackMastodon
#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
At last, a messenger pushed through the crowd, confirming long-awaited news. The day of Jubilee had arrived. 4 million souls freed! Black Americans spilled into the streets, joy overflowing. Shouts reverberated through the air.. even strangers embraced one another. Tears of elation & relief streamed down many faces, while others bent their knees in prayer. Many, including Douglass, would never forget that day.
5/16
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#histodons #History
#histodons #Juneteenth
Frederick.Douglass, in Boston, recounted the Watch Night at Tremont Hall, where he and others eagerly awaited the signing of the document. As the night progressed, anticipation mounted for the long-awaited moment when the Proclamation would come into effect on Jan 1, 1863. Douglass wrote that each passing minute seemed to dampen their hopes, as the clock struck 8, 9, and then 10 o'clock, with no news reaching them.
4/16
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#History
#histodons #Juneteenth
It was well known that Lincoln would finally sign the Proclamation on January, 1, so Black Americans gathered where they could to await news of the signing. On New Year’s Day 1863, Black Americans in Beaufort, SC, gathered to hear Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson read the Emancipation Proclamation. He remembered the moment…I never saw anything so electric; it made all other words cheap…”
3/16
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#BlackMastodon
#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
Following Antietam, Lincoln spent much of 1862 writing the Emancipation Proclamation, being lobbied by Black leaders to include military service by Black men, & to expand its scope. While the Proclamation did not promise freedom to all enslaved people, it did provide a plan to free the enslaved people in the occupied territories of the South and to begin enlisting black men to fight in the Civil War.
2/16
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#BlackMastodon
#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
On “Freedom’s Eve,” Dec 1, 1863, the 1st Watch Night services took place as Americans waited news of the Emancipation Proclamation. At 12 AM, unrestrained joy erupted—3.5 million enslaved souls were “thenceforward, and forever free!" Union soldiers rushed to spread news, but not all gained freedom. It took 2.5 years—June 19, 1865—JUNETEENTH—-for over 250,000 Black Americans still held in bondage in TX to taste freedom.
1/16
#Juneteenth @blackmastodon@a.gup.pe @BlackMastodon@chirp.social #BlackMastodon #History
Juneteenth became more than just a celebration of freedom. It became a way for families to reunite; a way for Black Americans to organize politically, economically and spiritually; a way to educate and inspire future generations to come; and a way to show their pride, strength, and resolve.
12/16
#BlackHistory
#BlackMastodon
#histodons #History #CivilWar
#histodons #Juneteenth
The 'Grandmother of Juneteenth' on her fight to get the holiday federally recognized
Juneteenth commemorates June 19th 1865, the day the last enslaved Black Americans -- in Galveston, Texas -- were informed that they had been freed – more tha...YouTube
Dr. Margaret Chung was born in CA in 1889. As a med student, she wore masculine clothing & referred to herself as “Mike.” She became the first Chinese American female physician & applied to be a medical missionary, but was rejected due to her race.
In the 1920’s, Chung founded one of the first Western medical clinics in San Francisco’s Chinatown. She advocated for Chinese Americans & pushed for the inclusion of women in the US military. https://www.nps.gov/people/dr-margaret-mom-chung.htm #HistoryRemix #history #medicine
Connecticut 'witches' exonerated by Senate lawmakers
Does It Really Matter? 370 Years To Achieve Justice....
#News #BBC #USA #WitchTrials #History #Connecticut
Connecticut 'witches' exonerated by Senate lawmakers
Eleven of the 12 were hanged after trials the state Senate acknowledges were a "miscarriage of justice".By Bernd Debusmann Jr (BBC News)
Born in 1919, Isabella Aiona Abbott became the first native Hawaiian woman to earn a PhD in #science.
A preeminent marine botanist, Abbott became the 1st woman & 1st person of color to become a full professor in Stanford’s Biology dept. She wrote 8 books, >150 articles & was awarded the Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal by the National Academy of Sciences.
In 2005, Abbott was named a “Living Treasure of Hawaii” by the Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii. https://woc.aises.org/content/isabella-aiona-abbott-becoming-“first-lady-limu” #HistoryRemix #history
Wired just posted an exclusive about how USPS is conducting warrantless mail surveillance.
Considering our current political landscape, it's worth stressing that USPS's system is actually rooted in historical efforts to criminalize birth control and labor radicalism (see follow-up post) #news #surveillance #labor #reproductivejustice #reproductiverights #histodons #history
The US Post Office Is Spying on the Mail. Senators Want to Stop It
The USPS carries out warrantless surveillance on thousands of parcels every year. Lawmakers want it to end—right now.Dell Cameron (WIRED)
Similar experiences at (punk) rock concerts? 😎
#punk #punks #punkrock #staypunk #punkeveryday #punk4life #history #punkrockhistory
Born in 1906, computer scientist Grace Hopper invented the first compiler for computer programming language & was among the first programmers of the Harvard Mk1 computer.
Hopper popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages & paved the way to develop COBOL (an early high-level programming language). She originated the term "bug" to describe computer glitches & became a celebrated Rear Admiral in the US Navy.
https://news.yale.edu/2017/02/10/grace-murray-hopper-1906-1992-legacy-innovation-and-service #HistoryRemix #science #history
Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1992): A legacy of innovation and service
On Feb. 11, President Peter Salovey announced that he and the Yale Corporation had voted to change the name of Calhoun College, one of the university's undergraduate residential colleges, to honor alumna Grace Murray Hopper.YaleNews
The Nasir al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz, #Iran is known as the #Pink #Mosque
It gets its name from rose-colored tiles covering mosque exterior & pink hue sunlight creates on interior when it shines through stained glass windows
Built in late 19th century during Qajar dynasty, the mosque is not just a place of worship, but a work of #art showing #beauty & #creativity of Islamic #architecture & #design.
#Islam #SilentSunday #history @histodons #culture #histodons #muslim #CreativeToots
Born in 1902, botanist & cytogeneticist Barbara McClintock became a pioneer in modern genetics by changing our understanding of inheritance.
She proposed that genomic replication does not always follow a consistent pattern, which wasn’t widely accepted at the time. She also contributed new cytogenetic research techniques & was the first scientist to correctly speculate about epigenetics.
In 1983, McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize. https://www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/stories/barbara-mcclintock #HistoryRemix #science #history
The Nobel Prize | Women who changed science | Barbara McClintock
Throughout her career, Barbara McClintock studied the cytogenetics of maize, making discoveries so far beyond the understanding of the time that other scientists essentially ignored her work for more than a decade.www.nobelprize.org
Beatrix Potter is best remembered for her charming tales of Peter Rabbit, but did you know she also studied #science?
Potter collected & examined beetles, butterflies, plants, bird eggs, shells, rocks, fossils & especially fungi. She conducted experiments & wrote a scientific paper with her own illustrations, presented at the Linnean Society of London. However, as a woman in the Victorian era, she couldn’t even attend the meeting. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/arts/design/beatrix-potter-peter-rabbit-science.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare #HistoryRemix #history #art #books
Beatrix Potter Is More Than the Creator of Peter Rabbit
An exhibition in Nashville of Beatrix Potter’s works explores her love of the world of science and the challenges facing women of the Victorian era.Tanya Mohn (The New York Times)
Rosalind Franklin update!
“A new paper based on long-lost documents confirms that DNA discoverer Rosalind Franklin should be credited for discovering the double helix.”
https://www.livescience.com/health/genetics/rosalind-franklin-knew-dna-was-a-helix-before-watson-and-crick-unpublished-material-reveals?fbclid=IwAR3AhaUWlB4QejBW6ESk1IAn-IPKqF8PUUs4KHPbZ2jMnQcCgCDcGPOjA74#lgymp4kotadc1a3pafg #HistoryRemix #history #science /2
Concerned about the potential use of nuclear weapons during WWII, Moussa organized the Atomic Energy for Peace conference.
She was likely assassinated at age 35 in a case that remains unsolved. More by Kenna Hughes-Castleberry https://arstechnica-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/arstechnica.com/science/2023/04/the-strange-tragic-story-of-egypts-foremost-female-nuclear-scientist/amp/ #HistoryRemix #science #history
became the first Black woman to graduate from medical school in the U.S.
Despite facing extreme racism & sexism, she practiced medicine with a focus on women & children. She also provided medical care to freed slaves.
In 1883, Dr. Crumpler published her Book of Medical Discourses, which was one of the first medical publications written by a Black author. There are no existing photos of her. https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_73.html #HistoryRemix #history #science
In 1889, Picotte became the first female Native American to earn a medical degree in the U.S. She raised funding & opened Wathill Hospital in 1913 - the first private hospital on a reservation. https://drsusancenter.org/dr-susan #HistoryRemix #history #science
....retelling these folktales is an important part of cultural preservation & evolution, as .. oral traditions face extinction. Many #stories disappeared during the colonial period, when written western #literature was privileged & bans on vernacular languages, containing communities’ #cultures & #history were enforced"
#BlackMastodon #BlackTwitter #Blackfedi
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/apr/10/african-film-makers-reimagine-folktales-as-dark-fantasy-dramas-for-netflix
African film-makers reimagine folktales as dark fantasy dramas for Netflix
The six films include the tale of an ogre who preys on women, a sci-fi Nigeria taken over by AI, and a girl on a mission to end droughtCaroline Kimeu (The Guardian)
In 1936, Shilling joined The Royal Aircraft Establishment. 5 yrs later, she led a team that designed a device to prevent Merlin plane engines from stalling during flight, which helped the Allies win WWII.
Shilling was also the 2nd woman to earn a Brooklands Gold Star for lapping the track at >100mph. https://www.wes.org.uk/sites/default/files/u82/Magnificent%20Women%20-%20Beatrice%20Shilling.pdf #HistoryRemix #science #history #women
His pioneering research on glial cells changed science & he became the 1st #trans person admitted into the National Academies of Science.
Barres was also a strong advocate for women, early career scientists & the #LGBTQ+ community at a time when few people openly discussed gender identity.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2017/12/28/mourning-ben-barres-the-transgender-scientist-who-changed-neuroscience/?sh=380fa19554bf
Excerpt from his autobiography: https://stanmed.stanford.edu/ben-barres-autobiography-transgender-scientist/ #history #HistoryRemix
Transgender scientist Ben Barres’ book excerpt describes transition decision | Stanford Medicine
In an autobiography released after his death, transgender scientist Ben Barres describes the emotional process of becoming a manPatricia Hannon (Stanford Medicine Magazine)
The “Siberian unicorn” (scientific name: Elasmotherium sibericum) weighed >4 tons, had a long horn ~3 feet on its nose & roamed Eurasia’s grasslands at the same time as modern humans.
More at https://theconversation.com/amp/how-a-change-in-climate-wiped-out-the-siberian-unicorn-107365 #history #science #SharedPlanet
How a change in climate wiped out the 'Siberian unicorn'
The loss of the Siberian unicorn shows just how vulnerable some animals can be to environmental change that can impact on their food supply.Kieren Mitchell (The Conversation)
Preferring the company of men, Kristina had no interest in traditionally feminine roles. She sometimes wore masculine clothing & focused on science, math & philosophy. She refused to marry (scandalous!) & became a patron of the arts.
Kristina decided to abdicate the throne in 1654. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-descartes-lexicon/christina-queen-of-sweden-16261689/2E0538B2CC98623127368DE0ACE5DE02# #history #HistoryRemix
Christina, Queen of Sweden (1626–1689) - The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon
The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon - January 2015Cambridge Core
Extinct mega penguin was tallest and heaviest ever
A fossil foot bone found in Antarctica suggests that one extinct species of penguin was a true giant, clocking in at 115 kilogramsJeff Hecht (New Scientist)
Carson questioned the assumption that humans should dominate #nature. She recognized the dangers to natural systems from the misuse of pesticides like DDT. She also accused the chemical industry of spreading lies & politicians of accepting industry claims uncritically.
Her 1962 book, Silent Spring, is widely credited as being the catalyst for the modern environmental movement. #history #science #HistoryRemix
The Skeletons of the Red Line
Meanwhile... Beneath Harvard Square....
#History #HarvardSquare #MBTA #Cambridge #MA #SubwaySecrets #TransportationHistory #Technology #HArvardCrimson
The Skeletons of the Red Line | Opinion | The Harvard Crimson
The six-minute subway ride between Harvard and Central Square isn’t the most entertaining journey. But if passengers were to squint out the window as the Red Line rounded the curve out of Harvard Station, they could see the abandoned shell of another…www.thecrimson.com
We remember her husband, Albert Einstein, as one of the most celebrated physicists of the 20th century, but I suspect most folks haven’t heard of her.
However, Albert & Mileva’s letters & other accounts suggest they worked together on his groundbreaking scientific contributions. They collaborated from the time they met in 1896 until their separation in 1914.
This is her story: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-forgotten-life-of-einsteins-first-wife/?fbclid=IwAR2O8bwlDiEBgJLYbjKo-Kdy_3jhi7tvyCl2edzpzpI_pIcPv7iVOc1zC-E #science #history #HistoryRemix
The Forgotten Life of Einstein's First Wife
She was a physicist, too—and there is evidence that she contributed significantly to his groundbreaking scienceScientific American Blog Network
Of these, 44 have worked on the International Space Station as long-duration expedition crewmembers, as visitors on space shuttle assembly flights, or as space flight participants on short-duration missions.
Learn more about these inspiring pioneers from around the world: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/womens-history-month-2023-celebrating-women-astronauts #science #history #HistoryRemix
Women's History Month 2023: Celebrating Women Astronauts
As of March 2023, 72 women have flown in space. Of these, 44 have worked on the International Space Station as long-duration expedition crewmembers, as visitors on space shuttle assembly flights, or as space flight participants on short-duration miss…Kelli Mars (NASA)